Depression

Descriptive text is not available for this image Basics

Description

Primary mood disorder characterized by a sustained feeling of sadness and/or decreased interest in all or most activities once enjoyed, which represents a change from previous state

Epidemiology

Prevalence

  • Lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is 20% (1).
  • Low risk before early teens; highest prevalence in teens and young adults (17% of adults 18 to 25 years old reporting a major depressive episode and 7.1% of ≥26 years old in 2020)

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology is poorly understood.

Genetics

Twin studies suggest 37% concordance.

Risk Factors

  • Female > male (2:1)
  • History of anxiety
  • Substance abuse
  • Adverse life events
  • First-degree relative or spouse with depression, bipolar, suicide, substance abuse
  • Presence of chronic medical conditions

General Prevention

Physical activity lowers risk for depression (2).

Commonly Associated Conditions

Bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder, grief reaction, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders, conduct disorder, substance abuse, PTSD, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, CAD, MS, diabetes, dementia

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